What is hostile architecture?

Hostile architecture, also known as defensive architecture or defensive design, refers to the use of architectural elements and designs that are intentionally created to deter or restrict certain behaviors, such as loitering, sleeping, or skateboarding. These elements are often used in public spaces or urban environments to control and manipulate the behavior of individuals.

Examples of hostile architecture include features such as metal spikes, protrusions, leaning benches, and armrests on benches, all of which are designed to prevent people from sitting or lying down comfortably. Other examples include sloped surfaces, rough textures, and strategically placed planters or fencing to prevent loitering or sleeping in certain areas.

Critics argue that hostile architecture is discriminatory, as it disproportionately affects homeless individuals and other vulnerable populations who may rely on public spaces for shelter or rest. They also argue that such designs prioritize aesthetics and commercial interests over the needs and well-being of the community.

Proponents of hostile architecture, on the other hand, argue that these designs are necessary to maintain public safety and prevent vandalism or undesirable behavior in public spaces. They suggest that these measures help to promote a sense of security and order in urban environments.

Overall, the use of hostile architecture remains a controversial topic, with ongoing debates about its ethical implications and impact on social inclusion and urban design.